{"id":770,"date":"2024-08-03T21:37:05","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T19:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/?p=770"},"modified":"2024-08-04T11:17:26","modified_gmt":"2024-08-04T09:17:26","slug":"eu-ai-akt-zkroceni-kamerovych-sledovacich-systemu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/cs\/2024\/08\/03\/eu-ai-akt-zkroceni-kamerovych-sledovacich-systemu\/","title":{"rendered":"Akt EU o\u00a0um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci: Zkrocen\u00ed kamerov\u00fdch sledovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nasazov\u00e1n\u00ed kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b rozporupln\u00e9 reakce. Na jednu stranu poskytuj\u00ed velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, na druhou stranu se objevuj\u00ed obavy z jejich zneu\u017eitelnosti. Kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my se za\u010daly masov\u011b instalovat po roce 2001, av\u0161ak n\u011bkolik let trvalo, ne\u017e se rozvinula \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed schopn\u00e1 efektivn\u011b detekovat a rozpozn\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 objekty \u010di osoby. Tyto technologie se staly ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho kreditov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Hroz\u00ed podobn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj i v Evrop\u011b?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v roce 2015 do\u0161lo k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu miln\u00edku ve strojov\u00e9m rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob podle obli\u010deje, kdy software dok\u00e1zal l\u00e9pe rozpozn\u00e1vat osoby na z\u00e1klad\u011b sn\u00edmk\u016f ne\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk. Postupn\u011b do\u0161lo jak k zefektivn\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bchto algoritm\u016f, tak i k jejich zlep\u0161en\u00ed. Nav\u00edc vznikly dal\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my vztahuj\u00edc\u00ed se k identit\u011b \u010dlov\u011bka, nap\u0159\u00edklad detekce emoc\u00ed, v\u011bku, rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob podle stylu ch\u016fze a mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch. Nasazen\u00ed takov\u00fdchto syst\u00e9m\u016f ji\u017e nen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. A co v\u00edc, kamery, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eou detekovat obli\u010dej nebo rozpoznat \u010dlov\u011bka, najdete v nab\u00eddce \u0159ady obchod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud chceme nainstalovat n\u011bkde kameru je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee takov\u00e1to instalace a pou\u017eit\u00ed kamery podl\u00e9h\u00e1 pravidl\u016fm \u00da\u0159adu pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f (v\u011bt\u0161ina pravidel vych\u00e1z\u00ed z Obecn\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o ochran\u011b osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f \u2013 GDPR) a povinnostem vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch ze z\u00e1kona. Krom\u011b toho, \u017ee kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my dok\u00e1\u017eou zaznamen\u00e1vat a archivovat data pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, mohou m\u00edt i integrovan\u00fd AI syst\u00e9m pro zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed obrazu v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase. Rozvoj um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence se postupn\u011b dostal do stavu, kdy bylo nezbytn\u00e9 p\u0159ijmout pravidla, kter\u00e1 by ji regulovala, co\u017e se dot\u00fdk\u00e1 i biometrick\u00e9ho rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed osob. Tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Akt EU o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci a jeho implementace v jednotliv\u00fdch unijn\u00edch st\u00e1tech za\u010dala p\u0159ed p\u00e1r dny.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z\u00e1kaz sledov\u00e1n\u00ed osob v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jak se d\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1vat u tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9ho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jedn\u00e1 se o pom\u011brn\u011b komplexn\u00ed dokument. Proto uvedeme jen n\u011bkolik zaj\u00edmav\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kter\u00e9 se vztahuj\u00ed k biometrii. Nap\u0159\u00edklad, biometrick\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase st\u00e1tn\u00edmi slo\u017ekami je t\u00edmto nov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem zak\u00e1z\u00e1no, s v\u00fdjimkami striktn\u011b definovan\u00fdmi pro org\u00e1ny \u010dinn\u00e9 v trestn\u00edm \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, jako je p\u00e1tr\u00e1n\u00ed po poh\u0159e\u0161ovan\u00fdch osob\u00e1ch a boj proti terorismu. Rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed na pracovi\u0161ti nebo ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edch instituc\u00edch? Zak\u00e1z\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koho se t\u00fdk\u00e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akt o AI nejv\u00edce zas\u00e1hne firmy, kter\u00e9 spravuj\u00ed a nasazuj\u00ed syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a biometrie. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu ob\u010dan\u016f tento z\u00e1kon nebude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd praktick\u00fd dopad, krom\u011b pozitivn\u00edho faktu, \u017ee bude l\u00e9pe definov\u00e1no, jak mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny syst\u00e9my AI a biometrie. Pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje bude zak\u00e1z\u00e1no prov\u00e1d\u011bt sb\u011br dat z dohledov\u00fdch kamer a z internetu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b na pozoru by se m\u011bli m\u00edt i u\u017eivatel\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch kamer, kter\u00e9 mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat software, jen\u017e by potenci\u00e1ln\u011b poru\u0161oval n\u011bkter\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z Aktu EU o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Akt o AI nejv\u00edce zas\u00e1hne firmy, kter\u00e9 spravuj\u00ed a nasazuj\u00ed syst\u00e9my um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a biometrie. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu ob\u010dan\u016f tento z\u00e1kon nebude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd praktick\u00fd dopad, krom\u011b pozitivn\u00edho faktu, \u017ee bude l\u00e9pe definov\u00e1no, jak mohou b\u00fdt vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny syst\u00e9my AI a biometrie. Pro v\u00fdvoj\u00e1\u0159e syst\u00e9m\u016f rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje bude zak\u00e1z\u00e1no prov\u00e1d\u011bt sb\u011br dat z dohledov\u00fdch kamer a z internetu. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b na pozoru by se m\u011bli m\u00edt i u\u017eivatel\u00e9 spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch kamer, kter\u00e9 mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat software, jen\u017e by potenci\u00e1ln\u011b poru\u0161oval n\u011bkter\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z Aktu EU o um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligenci.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
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Nasazov\u00e1n\u00ed kamerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u011b rozporupln\u00e9 reakce. Na jednu stranu poskytuj\u00ed velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj pro zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti, na druhou stranu se objevuj\u00ed obavy z jejich zneu\u017eitelnosti. Kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my se za\u010daly masov\u011b instalovat po roce 2001, av\u0161ak n\u011bkolik let trvalo, ne\u017e se rozvinula \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed schopn\u00e1 efektivn\u011b detekovat a rozpozn\u00e1vat r\u016fzn\u00e9 objekty \u010di osoby. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":772,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ub_ctt_via":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-770","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-strade"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/euaiact.png","author_info":{"display_name":"igoldmann","author_link":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/author\/igoldmann\/"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=770"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":781,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/770\/revisions\/781"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=770"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=770"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/strade.fit.vutbr.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=770"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}